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1
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Poultry feed switchover
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2023
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The project phase one has two outputs and several milestones under each of the two outputs. To achieve output one (Baseline survey), the milestones are: M1. Baseline survey conducted in some selected locations in Lae and Huon Gulf districts M2. Survey report Developed and submitted Baseline survey was completed in Q3 of 2022 however, the milestone two (Survey Report) is pending with data aggregation and cleaning still in progress. To achieve output two (SOP), there are three major milestones i.e. three SOP experiments and reports. As of quarter One 2023, two experiments have been completed however, data aggregation and cleaning are in progress while the reports are pending.
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All activities have been delayed and deferred to Quarter 4, 2023. A technical report is being prepared based on one of the completed experiment.
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pending
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2
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BSFL for feed
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2023
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The progress of the project has been challenged particularly for output 2 milestones for mass production of BSFL. The work has managed to maintain breeding fly populations but to achieve mass requires more input and resources. According to the poultry village trial protocol, we would need a more than 387 kg of dried BSFL to which we have not achieved in the last 3 quarters.
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In the 1 & 2 quarter of 2023, we have prioritized to setup a BSFL rearing facility in the old aquaculture shed to which much of the work focused;
1. Clearing, cleaning and total wash-down of the old-aquaculture shed (Picture table 1)
2. Building feeding, harvesting and BSFL collection boxes
3. Boxing shelving to house feeding BSFL
4. Sieving table for collecting BSFL
The facility and the arrangement of work with waste collection, waste processing, egg collection, cleaning requires daily routine work. There are a few improvements that the system needs to do to make the process more coherent.
1. Waste collected needs to be processed into fine particulates so that bulk waste material can be easily digested by the feeding larvae. What is recommended now moving forward is to breakdown the bulk material, de-water the breakdown organic material, sundry and feed the larvae. Right now, the efficiency of the feeding larvae is producing at a rate of 1kg of BSFL to 10kg of consumed waste wet weight. We plan to make these improvements to encourage efficiency within the system.
2. Artificial BSF egg production is low since bring in the breeding nets. It is recommended that we improve lighting within the shed and make a 10 – 20% harvest weight collection of larvae at their 6th star stage to increase BSF populations within the breeding nets.
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Work is continuing to improve the ratio of feed to BSFL production:
The ratio of larvae to waste according to the sampled data from May to September of 2023 for naturally seeded BSFL collected from households is about 1: 10 (1 kg of BSFL harvested is to 10 kg of waste fed on). This ratio is rather large for an efficient system to utilize a period of 35 days of growing time to reach the 5th to 6th instar stage at 35-day periods. The current BSFL system is not efficient enough. A desirable target is to reduce this ratio to 1: 5 with the current capacity being established. This will require more efforts into artificially producing more egg clutches to add into existing pre-seeded wastes being harvested from the food boxes each week. The anticipated results are:
1.) increase the larvae output from 1 to 3 kg per week;
2.) improve waste reduction to larvae from 2.9% to 7% that was achieved in August (Graph 2);
3.) Improve bioconversion of wastes from 33% to 40%
4.) Reduce the harvested BSFL to waste ratio from 1: 10 to 1: 5
5.) Reduce feeding time rearing periods from 35 to 20 days (± 5 days)
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3
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Fertiliser assessment
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2023
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SRC: Output 1, Milestones 1-4 achieved MRC: Output 1, Milestones 1-5 in progress
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SRC, Laloki Implementation M1, M8, M9, M14 - In progress M2-7, M10-M13 - Achieved MRC, Bubia Implementation M1-6 - Achieved M7-M8 - In progress There have been no major variances since Q1 report on planting main activities to being in Q2 due to weather fore cast in both sites. As shown in section 1, all planned activities for Q2 to be achieved by the end of June have been implemented in both sites.
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pending
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4
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Potato RMT evaluation
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2023
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Research activity 1. Screenhouse rooting hormone experiment established – 80% of tissue culture materials multiplied and prepared for screenhouse establishment. Hormones ordered and received in February 2023. Experiment will be established in April 2023. Research activity 2. Field experiment planting materials available _ 90%. G1 seeds harvested and incubated for field trials once seeds have sprouts and screenhouse experiment is completed and rooted seedlings established. Research activity 3. Potato rapid multiplication technique for screenhouse established Research activity 4 - not started
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Research activity 1. Screenhouse rooting hormone experiment established – 100% of tissue culture materials multiplied and prepared for screenhouse establishment. Experiment was established on the 6th of September 2023.
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5
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SP seed storage
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2023
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Output 1: Milestone 1 So far, the Activities 1 and 2 of Output 1 have been successfully completed Activity 3 - Preliminary characterization and identification of accessions with flowering ability progressing. Completed characterization for aerial parts including leaves, vines and flowers. Root and underground parts will be characterized at harvest. Activity 4 - Harvesting of storage roots and cuttings for conservation of accessions - Completed for only 530 flowering accessions Activity 5 - Sprouting of storage roots - Completed for only 530 flowering accessions Activity 6 - Preparation of land and sterilized soil mix - pending Activity 7 - Planting of clonal accessions in field genebank and screenhouse for germplasm conservation - pending Output 2: Milestone 2 Activity 1 - Preparation of sterilized soil mix - completed Activity 2 - Planting of sweetpotato vines in pots - Completed, but currently growing outside Activity 3 - Rearing of honey bee colonies for screenhouse pollination - Pending, awaiting the construction of greenhouse Activity 4 - Pollination of sweetpotato in screenhouse - pending Activity 5 - Harvesting and processing of seeds - Completed 2nd round of harvest of OP seeds from the germplasm bulking field for the entire collection. Seed drying, cleaning and counting is in progress.
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The project Output 1 has 7 activities to achieve. So far, the Activities 1 and 2 of Output 1 have been successfully completed while Activity 3 is in progress (Table 1). The first round of open-pollinated (OP) seed harvest from the regeneration field was completed dried and stored to supplement the seeds for Svalbard BOLD Project. The same field was also used for preliminary characterization in which all morphological traits for the aerial biomass including leaves, vines and flowers were characterized and data captured for the entire 865 accessions regenerated. Information on flowering and seed setting abilities generated here was used to identify accessions to be used as parents in this Project in which the botanical seeds will be generated afterwards.
So far, total of 59,429 seeds were collected from the 492 flowering accessions. Characterization of storage root and yield components has been successfully completed in early August with all required data collected. Raw data entry is currently in progress and is expected to complete by the end of October.
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6
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Rice variety evaluation
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2023
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Output 1 - Milestone 1 Activity 1 - Observational trial of 62 rice varieties on paddy condition - 100% completed and in progress into flowering stages now Activity 2 - Micro plot trial of 32 rice varieties evaluated on the upland field - Lack of evaluation skills at each evaluation stage Output 2 - Milestone 2 Activity 1 - Detailed variety studies and selected 16-20 rice varieties under upland - Bad weather condition Activity 2 - Detailed variety studies and selected 16-20 rice varieties under irrigated - bad weather conditioin
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Output 2 - Milestone 2 Activity 2.1 - Detailed variety studies and selected 16-20 rice varieties under upland - Bad weather condition Activity 2.2 - Detailed variety studies and selected 11 rice varieties under irrigated - Bad weather condition
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Output 3. Selection of best accessions from Macro plot trials
Trial established with 8 selected accessions; data collected and some varieties reaching heading stage;
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7
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Banana Wilt Associated Phytoplasma
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2023
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M1: Confirmation of insect vector • Insect collection and sucrose feeding • DNA extraction and LAMP Assay M2: BAP Cage screening trial • Collection of banana suckers for screening • Cage construction and planting of trial plants • collection and release of insects into trial cages 3: Clean Kalapua materials • In vitro propagation of kalapua and diploid bananas for distribution • Collection of kalapua stumps for macro-propagation of seeds as source of explants • Hardening of rooting cultures in the nursery M4: Optimization of tissue culture protocols • Conduct in vitro trials to optimize banana tissue culture protocol for both diploids and triploids • Collection of banana suckers for in vitro trial
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M1: Survey report drafted and sent for publication under New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science M2: In Q1, few other insects were collected and tested, but during this quarter, only derbids were fed sucrose. The DNA extraction from samples will be done at a later date. M3: 3x field trips to Orori (Mutzing) were done and collected a good population of derbids, that were released into the screen cage at MRC. To date, no symptoms have been expressed yet. The bananas are now growing tall, so need to remove the white screens and allow them to grow under the nursery. Observations will be done over time till mature, for any symptom expression. M4/M5: Kalapua is been maintained and propagated for further distribution at end of the year. 11 plantlets hardened in nursery. Yet to bulk new seeds for optimization studies, for confirmation and and finalize existing protocols, i.e, combined in vitro trial with IAEA.
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M1: BWAP Cage screening trial
• Monitoring and data observation
M2: Clean Kalapua materials
• Ongoing subculture and maintenance of explants in the laboratory.
• Hardening of rooting cultures in the nursery
*11 Nursery plantlets for planting in field.
*Existing TC plantlets with clean suckers are also available at MRC plots.
M3: Optimization of tissue culture protocols
•Ongoing subculture and maintenance in the laboratory: In vitro trials planned and to be re-done in the coming quarter.
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8
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ASF epidemiology
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2023
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Finalised questionnaires with initial awareness and distribution of posters to local leaders. Pre testing yet to be done due to local political situation beyond Tambul.
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Survey plan developed and pretesting imminent in early Q3
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Output 1. Information available on the impact of ASF in local households in Tambul District and disease areas:
M1. Questionnaire developed and pre-tested in Q3 – Refined and conditioned to objectives (100%)
M2. Conducting survey in Tambul – 20 persons interviewed (10%)
Output 2: Mapping and spatial distribution of ASF in the Mt. Giluwe LLG of Tambul and epidemiological information determined.
M1. Antigenic/syndromic survey and GIS mapping based on survey recommendations. – GPS plots of households in progress (5%)
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9
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NERICA evaluation
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2023
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As of April 2022, Output 1 to Output 6 and Output 9 has been achieved. There are two outputs yet to be achieved. They are: Output 7: Processing and eating quality assessment is in progress. All rice varieties have been milled and ready for the taste test. All equipment and materials for the survey have been procured and ready for the survey to take place. Survey questions have been drafted. A trial run of testing was conducted on the 5th April. The survey questionnaire is yet to be finalized after feedback. Survey to will be conducted as part of Quarter 2 activities. A total of 50-100 respondents are anticipated. Output 8: Final data of NERICA lines evaluation and Processing & eating quality processed, analyzed and reporting is in progress. Data will be compiled into excel in preparation for analysis and reporting. Analysis will be done using STATA Soft ware. Through our collaboration work with TTM, we were introduced to Rigo Rice Farm at Launakalan, Rigo Central Province. Six high yielding accessions of rice lines – NL27, NL33, NL49, NL58, NR01 and NR16 were recommended for trialing at the Rigo Rice commercial farm in Launakalana, Rigo, Central Province. Results of the planting are briefly outlined in section 6
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There are two outputs that were planned to be achieved in Q2 but were not achieved and still outstanding. They are: Output 7: Processing and eating quality assessment is in progress. All rice varieties have been milled and ready for the taste test. All equipment and materials for the survey have been procured and ready for the survey to take place. Survey questions have been drafted. A trial run of testing was conducted on the 5th April. The survey questionnaire is yet to be finalized after feedback. Survey to will now be conducted as part of Quarter 3 activities. A total of 50-100 respondents are anticipated. Output 8: Final data of NERICA lines evaluation and Processing & eating quality processed, analyzed and reporting is in progress. Data will be compiled into excel in preparation for analysis and reporting. Analysis will be done using STATA Soft ware. All planned activities for Q2 will now be done in Q3.
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10
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Sweetpotato characterisation
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2023
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Activity 1 - Regeneration and bulking up of planting materials for 856 sweetpotato accessions - completed Activity 2 - Land preparation and construction of sweetpotato mounds - completed Activity 3 - Trial establishment completed & currently being managed until harvest. Activity 4 - Characterization of aerial parts of the plants completed. Characterization of underground parts is pending until harvest. Activity 5 - Assessment for agronomic (yield & yield component at harvest) characters still pending
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Output 1: Germplasm field evaluation trials completed with relevant information generated for 1st season of trials;
Morphological characterization from the 669 accessions has been completed on 29 aerial characters of the plants including leaves, vines and flowers. Characterization of fifteen (15) root traits including agronomic assessment began in early June and completed in early August. Harvesting and characterization of root traits and agronomic assessment was planned to be done in early May, however, got delayed due to onset of wet season in January to end of June, 2023. Nevertheless, the first agro-morphological trial was successfully completed with all required data securely generated.
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11
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Pacific pest and disease threats
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2023
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3.1Test and monitor IPM and IRM strategies for managing Diamondback moth (DBM) in Brassica crops in collaborating countries. i) 100% - Completion of second (2nd) Bioassay on DBM, data entered in excel spreadsheet. Two more bioassay to be conducted in Q2 and Q3 respectively. Bioassay for Q1 completed, for Q3 to be executed after reaching the DBM population required to conduct the Bioassay by august 2022. Results sent to SPC for correspondence to Solomon Island and Samoa Bioassay results. Completed ii) 100% - Successful shipment of entomological supplies requirement by Project partners at UQ to PNG. Completed 3.2 Facilitation of the importation of Bt into countries where it is not currently available i) 100% - Milestone achieved -Bt (Ag Chem Bt) successfully imported from Fiji in 2019 and are now at Aiyura, NARI Centre. –Completed ii) 60% - Field testing of Bt on Brassica and Maize on station and selected farmers sites. Research planning done in Q1.field testing initiated on station and also at Kabiifa Secondary school cabbage farm, Goroka. A lowland field test observation is planned for Humphrey Saese’s farm in Markham. Data collection has been done for Kabiufa; Goroka farm sites in Q4, data has been collated and ready for analysis. For lowland data collection yet to be done. Writing up of the technical report underway for submission. 3.3 Ongoing monitoring of the susceptibility of DBM populations to insecticides i) 20% - Questionnaires for farmer interviews developed ready for survey starting EHP onto WHP by August 2021. (Activity to be capitalized in Q2 2022.) .Due to National election, risky for out station travels, this activity will be conducted in Q3 and Q4. This activity will be moved to the AIP for 2023 to be executed for quarter 3. 4.1 Deployment of pheromone traps to monitor FAW distribution and movement in PNG and conduct pre-invasion surveillance in other target countries in the region. i) 100% - FAW pheromone lures have arrived in PNG from South America via Fiji with successful logistics assistance from partners in SPC-Fiji, Narere Campus, Suva.- Completed ii) 100% - Pheromone distribution has been completed, deployed to all stakeholders namely, RAMU-NBPOL, Rumion Piggery, NAQIA, all NARI centers.- Completed iii) 100% - Deployment of Pheromone traps to border provinces has been allocated to NAQIA with their capacity of monitoring and surveillance.- Completed iv) 100% - data from National survey has been obtained from NAQIA and will be submitted to NARI GIS team to plot the map for FAW distribution in PNG.- Completed 4.2 Determination of the availability of potential natural enemies of FAW in the region i) 60% - Preliminary survey and specimen collection of natural enemies have been collected from the middle highlands region. Upper highlands yet to be surveyed as well as the lowlands and Islands regions. Survey to be implemented in Q3 and Q4. Will have to be done after the elections for safety reasons. This activity will be moved AIP 2023 to be done in quarter 3. 4.3 Preparing an integrated approach to FAW management in the region i) 60% Initial bioassay and field experiment to commence by 2nd quarter of 2022. Q1 has been used to plan out experimental design and field planning. Only Laboratory Bioassay will be conducted for this activity. Preliminary testing has been conducted in AIP of 2023 using Prevathon (AI- chlorantraniliprole) to determine lethal dose. To be done in Q3. 4.4. Determination and assessment of Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda baseline sensitivity for Altacor/Prevathon (chlorantraniliprole) pesticide used in control and efficacy under laboratory conditions; i) Mass rearing of FAW in larval instars under laboratory conditions, 40%
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Preliminary bioassay has been trialled out with FAW population and uniformity of larval stages (instars) causing inconsistency of data recorded, hence standardizing FAW rearing in cages has been successful in Q4 resulting in adult female moths undergoing oviposition simultaneously hence laying egg masses in large clusters which will be the population expected to fully execute the FAW bioassay in Q2 of 2023.
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12
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Farming management for climate forecast
Climate Smart Agriculture opportunities for enhanced food production in PNG
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2023
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• Rainfall Management Matrix- Draft Completed • Crop Specific Advisory – In progress • Monthly Advisory Product for NARI Website- In progress • AIP process re -developed for new/existing farmers. • Consultation Workshop with Stakeholder regarding the SFA Product • Monitoring and Evaluation for all project sites. • Vedio Diaries for each sites- In progress to be documented in June
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13
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Chicken ascites management
Strategies to alleviate ascites in broiler chicken production in the high-altitude areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG).
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2023
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Output 1: Milestone 1: Development of survey questionnaire; draft questionnaire developed and circulated to peers for feedback – milestone 100 % completed in March 2023. • Milestone 2: Baseline information on prevalence and severity of ascites under high-altitude farming conditions available – milestone pending broiler farmer survey.
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Output 2: Cost-effective options for managing ascites under high-altitude farming conditions established - trial work completed and draft technical progress report submitted;
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Output 1, Milestone 2: Baseline information on prevalence and severity of ascites under high-altitude farming conditions available – milestone in progress. Farmer surveys carried out in parts of Simbu and Jiwaka; other provinces pending.
Output 3. Information on managing ascites incidences in broilers under high-altitude farming conditions available.
1 Draft Technical Progress report (Output 2); other publications pending
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14
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Conservation and Utilisation of Sweetpotato
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Output 6 – Progenies distributed to more than 50 farmers & evaluated Activity - 1. Distributed progenies of 17 Sweet potato seed packets to 17 Rigwali Farmers 2. Distributed 8 seed packets to Grade 8 Bina Primary students, total of 43 students (divided into groups of 5 students/group (6 groups). Two groups (6 students/group)
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15
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Productivity of Village Chickens
Characterising productivity of village chicken eco-types under free-range semi-intensive management systems in Kerevat, Papua New Guinea
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2023
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Output 1: Growth, production, and the reproductive cycle of Village Chicken Eco-types under free-range semi-intensive and intensive management systems
Output Indicator 1: Body weights, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency of village chicken eco-types to reach market weights.
This output will be achieved in the next phase of the project. However, the information captured is related to the egg production performance of breeder hens (Table 1) while the hatch-ability, fertility, and survival rate from Phase 2 will be presented in the next quarter.
Output Indicator 2: Number of eggs produced, egg size, egg weight, egg quality, and egg shell quality from the point of lay to the first production cycle.
The breeding stock that was acquired has an estimated age range between 30 to 75 weeks. The egg production estimates under the intensive management system were generated to indicate the rapid production of eggs by breeders over a three (3) week period.
The heavier eggs were produced by the naked neck chicken compared to the frizzle feathered chicken. While the eggs produced by a hen were similar for D, Nn, and Ff except for N. However fair comparison will be generated from their progeny among the same age group, weights, and sizes in project phase 2
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16
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Sustainable livestock for nutrition
Sustainable poultry, aquaculture and goat farming for economic and nutritional well being of rural communities in Morobe and Madang Provinces (PIP R&D Component 2)
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2023
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1.1.1 - Revisions on MoU leading to PA's acknowledged as signatories for Districts to implement without further costs to their budgets unless target LLG's indicate a desire to commit resources.
1.1.2 confirmed and actioning on October 17-18
1.1.3 n/a
1.1.4 Continued communication with District agents for gaining clarity on the activity and local interests and pathways for taking ownership of assets, technologies and extension.
2.2.1 n/a
2.2.2 RDO's are less available at community level. Leading farmers have been identified. Determined to focus on households with greater capacity to demonstrate and advocate sustainable livestock technologies.
2.3.3 Start-up stock and food/feed crop systems supplied: Large scale cassava crop in use and new area (~0.6 ha) planned for planting - harvested tubers supplied to Labu Feed Mill and cuttings prepared for planting materials: Corn, soybean, cowpea and sorghum seeds being bulked-up for storage and packaging: short-term vegetable seeds planned for rejuvenation;
2.4.1 All site reports completed. ADOPT reports assessed. Ten-point plan prepared.
2.4.2 Reduced to two sites, Kome and Bogia
2.4.3 Major compilation of nutritional data underway and reviewed literature for establishing targets for healthy diets to each site
2.5.1 Solar incubators redesigned and refitted. Two Labu incubators refitted and functional. Poultry stock rejuvenating after flock restructuring
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17
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Banana carotene
Determination of pro-vitamin (p-VAC) and carotene levels in 20 yellow/orange fleshed banana landraces
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2023
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E3. Received Analytical laboratory sampling protocol
The first protocol for sending fresh fruit was received, but the application for import permit on fresh fruits shipment was revoked by Fiji bio security office. According to the new sampling protocol the banana fruits must be shipped after freeze drying and blended into powder form. The USP analytical laboratory team to re-apply for new import permit.
E4. Collected samples
Eight banana accessions for shipment is stored in the food chillers to be freeze dried and blended before shipment. The images of sample preparation are required for the import permit to be released. The images will be sent over to the analytical laboratory team for them to re apply for import permit.
E. Shipment
Awaiting import permit release
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18
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Behavioural response of galip weevil
Behavioural response of galip weevil to host-plant volatiles
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2023
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Milestone 4: Assessing behavioral response of the adult weevil to host plant volatiles (K10007). We constructed 8 four station y-tubes for the behavioral response study. Materials were locally purchased and construction is ongoing. Once we complete building the y-tubes we will carry out the test and galip samples collected will be sent to Prof John Kola Laboratory for chemical analysis of the 4 main galip tree provenances during the last quarter. In the first part of the last quarter galip provenances will be identified and samples will be collected.
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21
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Research infrastructure
PIP Infrastructure Development Program
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2023
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pending
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24
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National Genebanks
Upgrading National Genebanks in the Global System
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2023
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pending
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